Liturgical Diversity Ancient and Modern

On theย Rebuilt Liturgy post, Tony Phillips commented:

Clearly thereโ€™s a demand for a place like thisโ€“a market, if you likeโ€“while (as several commenters pointed out here) itโ€™s not everyoneโ€™s cup of tea. But thatโ€™s exactly the pointโ€“different people respond different to different types of liturgy. We need to recognise that the hierarchical churchโ€™s post-V2 strategy of โ€œone-size-fits-allโ€ has failed. The typical NO parish addresses one mindset (well represented on this blog), but others are alienated and have been for years. Hence the empty pews.

The link to the Old St Patโ€™s (Chicago) video was instructive tooโ€“some people drive miles, past other churches, to find the parish that works for them. EF parishioners have been forced to do that for years.

Not that parishes should have to do this in isolation. Dioceses and deaneries should work with parishes to ensure that a variety of worship styles are available to the people, and not serve them all the same bland vanilla liturgy in the interests of โ€˜unityโ€™. I wonder how many bishops are up to that task. Never mind the professional musicians, sounds like we need to start making an MBA a prerequisite for becoming a bishop!

Iโ€™m all for letting a thousand flowers bloom.

My response, in part, was:

Iโ€™d note that your proposal is an innovation, from the perspective of the history and tradition of the Church. While there was diversity in premodern liturgy, it was dictated by the diversity of local traditions, not by the diversity of individualsโ€™ taste and preference. So maybe the idea of offering an array of different liturgical โ€œstylesโ€ for people to choose from is the most fundamental inculturation we have done to postmodern consumer culture.

I thought the issues raised by Tony’s post merited a thread of it’s own. Expanding a bit on my response, I think it is wrong to speak of “the hierarchical churchโ€™s post-V2 strategy of “one-size-fits-all’,” if, by that, one means something unique to the post-Conciliar Church. Apart from Masses with music and those without (itself a post-millennium innovation), the pre-Conciliar Church’s approach was also one-size-fits-all, at least after Trent. Indeed, it was far more so. And, as I noted, prior to Trent (and even more prior to Charlemagne) there was considerable liturgical diversity, but this was not anย appeal to ย different preferences; rather, it was a reflection of the diversity of ways in whichย local communities had preserved and adapted the liturgical tradition. In 800 AD there weren’t parishes that offered the Roman Rite at 8:00, the Gallican Rite at 9:30, and the Byzantine Divine Liturgy at 11:00 in order to appeal to differing tastes. Aachen Abe (the 9th century equivalent of Timonium Tim) simply went to the liturgy that was on offer, a liturgy to which he sought to conform his sensibilities, not one that was conformed to his sensibilities.

Perhaps those advocates of the 1962 Missal who appeal to liturgical diversity and the right of folks to have the kind of Mass that they like are people have a well developed ironic sense and recognizeย just how untraditional such a view of liturgy is. Of course, liturgical diversity rooted in the preferences of churchgoers is a reality in the post-Conciliar scene and one that is not going away any time soon. And, to be honest, most of us would be willing to see it go away only if the type of liturgy we preferred were the one to prevail.

So my question is: is it a benign form of inculturation to the modern consumer culture of the West that we offer different liturgies for different tastes, or is this something that should be resisted?

Fritz Bauerschmidt

I am a professor of Theology at Loyola University Maryland and a permanent deacon of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, assigned to the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen.

Please leave a reply.

Comments

15 responses to “Liturgical Diversity Ancient and Modern”

  1. Ryan Ellis

    This is already a reality in the northern deaneries of the Diocese of Arlington (i.e., the DC Virginia suburbs).

    You have the historically black parish. You have the social justice parish. You have the JP2 conservative parishes. You have the Ratzinger liturgy parish (mine). You have the George Weigel Neo-con type parish.

    The culture at these parishes is reinforced by having similar pastor after similar pastor.

    They have to do that here, because almost everyone is from somewhere else and has no allegiance to a parish. If they want people to go to Mass, they have to have these sort of informal personal parishes.

    It’s a successful model here.

  2. the liturgy that was on offer, a liturgy to which he sought to conform his sensibilities, not one that was conformed to his sensibilities

    I don’t think people are generally up for that anymore. When there is so much choice (and so little need for conforming) elsewhere in life, why shouldn’t there be choice liturgically too?

    1. Fritz Bauerschmidt Avatar

      @Jeffrey Pinyan – comment #2:
      I guess that’s my question. My answer would be something light, “because the worship of almighty God is not like buying a pair of jeans.”

  3. Jack Wayne

    Vatican II opened the door to liturgical diversity by creating documents with a wide variety of interpretations. Before VII, the Church really did have a united front liturgically more or less. People had to conform to it because there was no other choice. Now even with the different options in the OF, every Mass can use dramatically different texts in a way that didn’t exist before. In the 9th Century did we have churches offering a 9am Mass with a different entrance rite and eucharistic prayer from the Mass that followed? Also, did the priest’s personal preferences have as much sway back then as they do now?

    In the 9th Century, most people had no choice but to attend the local liturgy – it was what everyone around knew too. People couldn’t even live in a different town (or neighborhood, for that matter) from the one they worked in until relatively recently. Yet we are to attend out neighborhood parish and conform ourselves to the tastes of the priest there?

    1. Fritz Bauerschmidt Avatar

      @Jack Wayne – comment #4:
      OK, but let’s then not use the 1962 Missal and say that we are being “traditional” in doing so. Let’s say that we are being modern, or even hypermodern.

  4. Jack Wayne

    I’m okay with that.

    But the toothpaste was let out of the tube at VII. You can’t have “anything goes except for the tradition of the past 500 years.” IMO, SP is a natural “consequence” of VII.

    1. Fritz Bauerschmidt Avatar

      @Jack Wayne – comment #6:
      So, then, what are the limits to catering to personal preference? Is there anything that I should be expected to conform myself to and, if so, why? (Warning: appeals to sheer authority won’t cut it).

      1. Jack Wayne

        @Fritz Bauerschmidt – comment #7:
        It’s not for me to say at what limit we stop catering. The liturgical tradition of the church, however, is hardly at the edge of such a limit.

        BTW, I do not feel that the EF needs “liturgical pluralism” to justify it, nor am I arguing for it as a virtue. I merely point out that liturgical pluralism is what happened after VII, and it is inconsistent to allow the OF in its many many incarnations (many with conflicting ecclesiologies even), and to then act as if restricting the EF is somehow consistent with the plan. It isn’t. If you are going to be consistent with having people conform to the liturgy as given to them, then the options need to be seriously curtailed in the OF. You need to create an environment where people have no choice, not one where they can have any flavor of OF they want (except traditional).

        SP didn’t come along and ruin the Church’s liturgical conformity because that conformity didn’t exist for the past fifty years or so.

  5. Peter Kwasniewski

    The mess was created by the botched, hasty, and ideologically-driven reform of the Mass and the other sacraments. If the 1962 Missale Romanum had been very lightly reformed, as per the dictates of Sacrosanctum Concilium, then we would still have only one Roman rite of Mass at every parish. The coexistence of two forms — and, let’s face it, the dozens of “flavors” of the Novus Ordo with its options and inculturations — is a standing testimony to the failure of a sane and sound liturgical renewal that would unite rather than pluralize the faithful.

    1. Fritz Bauerschmidt Avatar

      @Peter Kwasniewski – comment #8:
      If I understand your position correctly (i.e. that the ideal would be the suppression of the reformed Mass and the implementation of a modest reform of the 1962 Missal), while I don’t agree with it, it seems to me to be consistent. But doesn’t this put you at odds with those who argue for the 1962 Missal on the basis of liturgical pluralism?

  6. Scott Pluff

    There are interesting theoretical questions about offering a variety of rites and styles of worship within one community or even one parish. I believe this is unprecedented in the history of the church.

    Yet the church today is facing an unprecedented challenge. On any given Sunday, a large majority (roughly 2/3) of self-described Catholics do not attend Mass. Just yesterday I had a brief conversation with the mother of one of our parish school students who laughed that her family hadn’t been to church in months. While church musicians and liturgists quibble over details, the church’s liturgy is quickly becoming irrelevant to most Catholics.

    Back when people worried about their final destination and believed that the church held the keys to the kingdom, they were motivated by obligation to attend Mass. Now that the common understanding is that everyone except for Hitler goes straight to heaven, church has become an optional, almost recreational activity. Some people enjoy playing golf, jogging, or reading novels, while others enjoy going to church.

    Like it or not, we now have to compete in a marketplace of ideas and options for how people spend their time. If offering a variety of legitimate forms of worship can help us gain traction in spreading the Gospel, then sign me up.

  7. Fr. Neil Xavier O'Donoghue

    I would go so far as to ask whether these different styles of worship are a post-Vatican II phenomenon. Obviously there are more options today, but before Vatican II in areas that had easy access to more than one church, some people went to one parish, some to another, some frequented the Jesuits for their intellectual sensibilities, the Franciscans for their mercy, the Redemptorists for their preaching, all of which influenced their liturgical style. Some people preferred one priestโ€™s ars celebrandi to anotherโ€™s and made a point of going to the Mass he presided. Today if we have different assemblies celebrating in different legitimate ways, I can see absolutely no harm in this. The options are there to use them. Number 352 of the current edition of the GIRM clearly statesthat โ€œthe pastoral effectiveness of a celebration will be greatly increased if the texts of the readings, the prayers, and the liturgical chants correspond as aptly as possible to the needs, the preparation, and the culture of the participants. This will be achieved by appropriate use of the many possibilities of choice described below. Hence in arranging the celebration of Mass, the Priest should be attentive rather to the common spiritual good of the People of God than to his own inclinations. He should also remember that choices of this kind are to be made in harmony with those who exercise some part in the celebration, including the faithful, as regards the parts that more directly pertain to them.โ€ IMHO the problem is not that people are putting a lot of time, energy and effort into preparing a particular style of celebration (be it a Gospel Mass, a celebration in the Extraordinary Form or any other legitimate form). The real problem, according to my jaundiced opinion, is that many celebrants pay virtually no attention to the style of liturgy they will preside, in fact, often the only preparation they do before walking out of the sacristy on a Sunday morning is that they have some idea of what they will talk about in the homily.

  8. “I have become all things to all people, that I might by all means save some.”

  9. Fritz Bauerschmidt Avatar

    Adam Wood : โ€œI have become all things to all people, that I might by all means save some.โ€

    But does this mean that I have to cater to everyone’s subjective preferences? Is that actually helpful to them, or does it simply underscore attitudes fostered by a consumer culture that inhibits people’s ability to hear the Gospel?

    1. @Fritz Bauerschmidt – comment #14:
      I think that that is a question that can only be answered “on the ground,” by sensitive and faithful pastoral servants, not something we can adequately theorize about apart from specific real-life situations.


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