{"id":66637,"date":"2025-02-28T12:31:48","date_gmt":"2025-02-28T18:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/?p=66637"},"modified":"2025-02-28T12:31:49","modified_gmt":"2025-02-28T18:31:49","slug":"development-of-the-missa-terra-spiritus-sancti-mass-of-the-land-of-the-holy-spirit-part-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2025\/02\/28\/development-of-the-missa-terra-spiritus-sancti-mass-of-the-land-of-the-holy-spirit-part-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"Development of the Missa Terra Spiritus Sancti \u2013 Mass of the Land of the Holy Spirit Part II"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>THE MISSA KIMBERLEY<\/strong><br>Part 2<br><br>In 2012, one year after the death of Fr. Kevin McKelson, I was fortunate to<br>visit the Kimberley to observe liturgical inculturation amongst Aboriginal<br>people. My journey took me to Balgo, on the eastern extreme of the diocese<br>close to the Northern Territory border, where I had my first experience of the<br>Missa Kimberley. When I arrived at the church, preparations for the Mass had<br>already begun. The musicians organized themselves in their places. Four senior women elders came into the church, where they donned locally decorated stoles (joined in the middle, I was told, to distinguish them from the priest!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>When all had assembled, clapsticks began to sound, and the assembly\u2019s song<br>accompanied the elders and priest as they processed to the altar. The water,<br>resting inside a coolamon\u2014a vessel decorated with ochre and carved from a<br>tree\u2014was blessed. Balgo is a desert community, and it had long been the prac<br>tice of women to find water for their families. When they discovered a water<br>source, they first sprinkled themselves and each other, thanking the ancestors<br>before collecting it to take back to their community. As the women sprinkled<br>the blessed water on each member of the assembly this continuing life source<br>had a deep cultural meaning.<br><br>Everyone in the assembly sang the Mass in Kukatja\u2014their local language\u2014<br>with the priest leading the prayers in Kukatja. The Scripture texts were<br>proclaimed by the reader. The homily that week was not accompanied by a<br>painting prepared and explained by one of the many artists in the community,<br>as sometimes happens. However, the women had translated the gospel into<br>Kukatja, and had assisted the priest with the preparation of the homily at their<br>usual meeting earlier in the week.<br><br>Designated members of the assembly processed the gifts to the altar, the bread<br>in a coolamon that is also used for gathering seeds or even carrying babies.<br>Singing again accompanied the procession. The women stood with the priest<br>as he dedicated the gifts, and the presider continued to sing the eucharistic<br>prayer in dialogue form, with the assembly responding. During the com<br>munion sharing, one elder sat and blessed the small children and babies,<br>while others distributed the consecrated bread alongside the priest.<br><br>At the end of the Mass, the women led the blessing song. As well as blessing<br>the assembly, they asked the community to stand in the direction of Perth, the<br>nearest big city\u20143801 kilometers away\u2014where earlier in the week a couple of<br>the girls had been airlifted by ambulance with serious burns. The community<br>prayed for healing blessings for the injured. At this time, I overheard a young<br>boy say to his teacher, \u201chey, Brother, we will have to get blessed next week<br>before we leave to go on our school excursion to Sydney.\u201d<br><br>Celebrating the Missa Kimberley left a lasting impression and led me to<br>research the origins of this distinctly Aboriginal style Eucharist that at the time<br>I knew nothing about. I learned that the Missa was regularly celebrated in<br>some Aboriginal Catholic communities, and at least on occasion in the large<br>towns such as Broome, where there were more non-Aboriginal worshipers.<br><br>I was invited back to the Kimberley, where I visited various remote communi<br>ties, listening to their stories, and discovered that each community had a<br>slightly different version of the Missa\u2014adjusted to suit the local community.<br>The texts were copied as booklets and passed on to each new missionary<br>who served the community. The bishop asked me to gather these texts and<br>produce one English version of the Missa Kimberley. With the direction set<br>by Pope Francis in his first encyclical,<em> Evangelii Gaudium<\/em>, it seemed possible<br>once again to officially pursue liturgical inculturation.<br><br><strong>LITURGICAL INCULTURATION<\/strong><br>In fact, Pope Francis showed that he was completely at home with indigenous<br>peoples and greatly respected their traditions. During his pontificate, Francis<br>has on several occasions celebrated the Zaire Rite, most recently in 2023 in the<br>Democratic Republic of the Congo. Francis made his intentions clear in the<br>preface of a book published with the title <em>Pope Francis and the Roman Missal<br>of the Dioceses of Zaire: A Promising Rite for Other Cultures.<\/em><sup data-fn=\"3fc9ba2e-d2ca-4154-b918-f9f54414013e\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"3fc9ba2e-d2ca-4154-b918-f9f54414013e-link\" href=\"#3fc9ba2e-d2ca-4154-b918-f9f54414013e\">1<\/a><\/sup> In Pope Francis\u2019<br>own words: \u201cThe Zairean Rite suggests a promising way also for the possible<br>elaboration of an Amazonian Rite.\u201d This follows his clear direction stated in his<br>Apostolic Exhortation <em>Querida Amazonia<\/em> given after the Amazonian Synod:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><em>. . . we can take up into the liturgy many elements proper to the experience of<br>indigenous peoples in their contact with nature, and respect native forms of<br>expression in song, dance, rituals, gestures and symbols. The Second Vatican<br>Council called for this effort to inculturate the liturgy among indigenous peoples; over fifty years have passed, and we still have far to go along these lines. (82)<\/em><sup data-fn=\"a5f5f254-ca05-49f5-b23d-05f2c103c2df\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"a5f5f254-ca05-49f5-b23d-05f2c103c2df-link\" href=\"#a5f5f254-ca05-49f5-b23d-05f2c103c2df\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>Both the Zairean Rite and the <em>Missa Terra Spiritus Sancti<\/em> (MTSS) have grown<br>from \u201celements proper to the experience of indigenous people.\u201d The MTSS<br>emerged from the Roman Rite with texts that were needed for the \u201cfull con<br>scious and active participation\u201d in the liturgy of groups who had only recently<br>been exposed to European peoples. The Zairean Bishops Conference, under<br>the leadership of the Cardinal of Kinshasa, engaged in a lengthy process of<br>study, consultation, and dialogue, before a period of experimentation and the<br>eventual approval of the Zaire Rite in 1988. The Australian Catholic Bishops<br>Conference has spent many decades in a similarly lengthy and detailed process<br>of experimentation, and now approval, for the Broome diocese.<br><br><strong>MISSA TERRA SPIRITUS SANCTI:<br>MASS OF THE LAND OF THE HOLY SPIRIT<\/strong><br>In 2014, in consultation with the Chair of the Bishops Commission for Liturgy,<br>Archbishop Patrick O\u2019Regan, and the Bishop of Broome, I invited a group of<br>eminent Australian liturgical scholars, Rev. Drs. Thomas Elich, David Orr,<br>OSB, and Dr. Barry Craig, and Aboriginal elder, the late Dr. Joan Hendriks,<br>to assist me with the work of preparing the indigenous Mass. Since that time,<br>I have continued to chair the group.<br><br>At our first meeting in 2015, the group was joined by Bishop Paul Bird, CSsR,<br>a member of the Bishops Commission for Liturgy. The task of the group was to<br>prepare a version of the Missa Kimberley for the Australian Bishops that would<br>conform to the requirements of <em>Sacrosanctum Concilium<\/em> (37\u201340) and the<br>Fourth Instruction, <em>Varietates Legitimae<\/em>.<sup data-fn=\"0bb15950-296e-4544-8b68-da84ea5b83d5\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"0bb15950-296e-4544-8b68-da84ea5b83d5-link\" href=\"#0bb15950-296e-4544-8b68-da84ea5b83d5\">3<\/a><\/sup> At this meeting the Missa Kimberley<br>took on a new title:<em> Missa Terra Spiritus Sancti: The Mass of the Land of the<br>Holy Spirit <\/em>(hereafter MLHS). We decided on the title for several reasons.<br>One, to show that the Holy Spirit has been active in the lives of Aboriginal<br>and Torres Strait Islanders continuously for at least 60,000 years. The inclusion<br>of <em>land<\/em> is also significant\u2014Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders have lived in<br>deep connection with the land and identify with the \u201ccountry\u201d of their birth,<br>the country that is their mother. For all that time they have been stewards of the land, nurturing and sustaining it. And the Land of the Holy Spirit, Australia del Espiritu Santo, is allegedly the title given to our Great Southern Land by early Portuguese explorer, Pedro Fernandes de Quieros (1565\u20131614).<br><br>The group of consultants continued to meet on occasion to work on the project, and regularly reported to the bishops. In addition, I continued to make regular visits to Broome to consult with local elders and church leaders in remote communities, bringing their feedback to the consultants.<br><br>In 2018, <em>Missa Terra Spiritus Sancti\/Mass of the Land of the Holy Spirit<\/em> (MLHS) was published and that same year the priests of the Broome diocese, the local bishop, and two Aboriginal leaders from Bidyadanga, Maureen Yanawana and Madelene Jadai, came together in Mirilinki, in the Eastern Kimberley, for a weeklong liturgical formation workshop where I was assisted by Drs. Barry Craig and David Orr. At the end of the workshop, Maureen and Madelene ritually gifted the MLHS to the priests and their communities in the Diocese of Broome. All then celebrated the MLHS for the first time, with the neighboring community of Warmun.<br><br>The MLHS has been well received across the vast diocese, and continues to be<br>celebrated by Aboriginal faith communities, with more and more communities<br>translating the text into their vernacular languages, some for the first time.<br><br>The working group met again in both 2022 and 2023, by which time it had<br>expanded to include Rev. John Fitz-Herbert, PP, Dr. Clare Schwantes, and<br>Aboriginal elders Evelyn Parkin, MA, and associate professor Cynthia Rowan.<br>Dr. Jason McFarland, newly appointed Executive Secretary for the Bishops\u2019<br>Commission for Liturgy (BCL), joined the group in 2023. That same year the<br>liturgy was deemed ready for Bishop Michael Morrissey, Episcopal Adminis<br>trator of the Broome Diocese, to send a formal request to Archbishop Patrick<br>O\u2019Regan, chair of the BCL, proposing that the MLHS be approved for use in<br>the Broome Diocese and, if favorably received by the BCL, be presented and<br>endorsed by the Australian Catholic Bishops Conference at their November<br>2023 plenary. The Bishops\u2019 Commission for Liturgy agreed, but deferred the<br>discussion to the May 2024 plenary.<br><br>Maureen Yanawana and Madelene Jadai, two Aboriginal elders from the<br>Bidyadanga community, travelled 4,000 kilometers from Broome to Sydney to<br>join the bishops at their plenary on May 7, 2024. As part of the presentation,<br>the women blessed each of the bishops with water, in the traditional manner of<br>their ancestors. After much deliberation, the Australian Catholic Bishops<br>Conference overwhelming voted to approve the Missa Terra Spiritus Sancti\u2014<br>Mass of the Land of the Holy Spirit for use in the Diocese of Broome, and that<br>it should be sent to the Dicastery for Divine Worship for consideration.<br>Subsequently, a group of Aboriginal Catholics from the Broome Diocese was<br>formed to advise on traditional culture, including Madelene Jadai, linguist,<br>St. John the Baptist Bidyadanga; Maureen Yanawana, linguist also from<br>Bidyadanga; Shirley Quaresemin, Deputy chair, National Aboriginal and<br>Torres Strait Islander Catholic Council, and West Australian representative;<br>and Erica Bernard, Community Liaison Officer and Educator, Broome<br>Regional Office, Catholic Education Office of Western Australia. They were<br>joined by liturgy consultants Cynthia Rowan and Evelyn Parkin (chair). Together they advise the bishops on local traditional customs and the history<br>of the Missa Kimberley.<br><br>On November 8, 2024, the Dicastery for Divine Worship granted a formal<br>recognitio to \u201cadaptations presented by the Diocese of San Crist\u00f3bal de Las<br>Casas in the Ordinary of the Mass for some indigenous peoples of (that<br>Diocese) in Mexico.\u201d<sup data-fn=\"e4e3f4a2-3ab9-418f-bbc3-d01921b390c3\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"e4e3f4a2-3ab9-418f-bbc3-d01921b390c3-link\" href=\"#e4e3f4a2-3ab9-418f-bbc3-d01921b390c3\">4<\/a><\/sup> The Mexican Bishops approved the liturgy at their<br>plenary of April 17\u201321, 2023. Soon after it was sent to the Dicastery for<br>Liturgy for approval of its adaptations. This approval is significant, because it<br>is only the second (after the Zaire Rite) to be presented and approved by the<br>Dicastery.<br><br>After the May 7, 2024, approval by the Australian Bishops, the liturgy consultants met again to review the documents in light of both the Bishops\u2019 suggestions and those of the cultural consultants. The documentation was then<br>approved by the Bishops\u2019 Commission for Liturgy, and in December 2024,<br>sent by Archbishop Timothy Costelloe, President of the Australian Catholic<br>Bishops\u2019 Conference, to Cardinal Roche, Prefect of the Dicastery of the<br>Liturgy and Discipline of the Sacraments, for <em>recognitio<\/em> of the Mass of the<br>Land of the Holy Spirit for official use in the Diocese of Broome.<br><br>After more than sixty years of development, experimentation, and study,<br>instigated by visionary missionaries, we wait with hope that the MLHS will be<br>the next to be officially recognized by the Vatican Dicastery.<br><br><em>Note:<br>Part 1 of this two-part series stated that there has never been an ordained<br>Aboriginal priest. In fact, Patrick Dodson did spend 6 years as a Missionary of<br>the Sacred Heart priest ministering in the Diocese of Darwin (1975\u20131981).<br>In 2024 he resigned as Senator for Western Australia, having been appointed<br>in 2016<\/em><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"3fc9ba2e-d2ca-4154-b918-f9f54414013e\">Sr. Rita Mboshu Kongo, ed. Quoted in Paul Samasumo, \u201cPope Francis: The Zairean Rite Is a Promising Model for the Amazon\u201d (Vatican News: December 1, 2020). <a href=\"#3fc9ba2e-d2ca-4154-b918-f9f54414013e-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"a5f5f254-ca05-49f5-b23d-05f2c103c2df\">Pope Francis, Querida Amazonia, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation to the People of God and to All Persons of Goodwill, February 2, 2020. <a href=\"#a5f5f254-ca05-49f5-b23d-05f2c103c2df-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"0bb15950-296e-4544-8b68-da84ea5b83d5\">Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Varietates Legitimae, The Fourth Instruction on the Right Application of Sacrosanctum Concilium, March 29, 1994. <a href=\"#0bb15950-296e-4544-8b68-da84ea5b83d5-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 3\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"e4e3f4a2-3ab9-418f-bbc3-d01921b390c3\">Luke Coppen, \u201cVatican OKs \u2018Indigenous liturgical adaptations\u2019 in Mexican Diocese,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pillarcatholic.com\/p\/vatican-oks-indigenous-liturgical\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/www.pillarcatholic.com\/p\/vatican-oks-indigenous-liturgical<\/a>. Accessed March 12, 2024 <a href=\"#e4e3f4a2-3ab9-418f-bbc3-d01921b390c3-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 4\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CARMEL PILCHER &#8212; Celebrating the Missa Kimberley left a lasting impression and led me to<br \/>\nresearch the origins of this distinctly Aboriginal style Eucharist that at the time<br \/>\nI knew nothing about. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":66650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Sr. Rita Mboshu Kongo, ed. Quoted in Paul Samasumo, \u201cPope Francis: The Zairean Rite Is a Promising Model for the Amazon\u201d (Vatican News: December 1, 2020).\",\"id\":\"3fc9ba2e-d2ca-4154-b918-f9f54414013e\"},{\"content\":\"Pope Francis, Querida Amazonia, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation to the People of God and to All Persons of Goodwill, February 2, 2020.\",\"id\":\"a5f5f254-ca05-49f5-b23d-05f2c103c2df\"},{\"content\":\"Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Varietates Legitimae, The Fourth Instruction on the Right Application of Sacrosanctum Concilium, March 29, 1994.\",\"id\":\"0bb15950-296e-4544-8b68-da84ea5b83d5\"},{\"content\":\"Luke Coppen, \u201cVatican OKs \u2018Indigenous liturgical adaptations\u2019 in Mexican Diocese,\u201d https:\/\/www.pillarcatholic.com\/p\/vatican-oks-indigenous-liturgical. 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