{"id":52532,"date":"2020-06-25T09:54:13","date_gmt":"2020-06-25T14:54:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/?p=52532"},"modified":"2021-07-08T08:02:28","modified_gmt":"2021-07-08T13:02:28","slug":"gregorian-chant-in-parishes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/25\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\/","title":{"rendered":"Gregorian Chant in Parishes"},"content":{"rendered":"

I\u2019m teaching Gregorian chant online this summer. Enrollment is good \u2013 over 20 students! Each week I offer an online discussion forum for any questions that come up. A student posed the question below about Vatican II and chant in parishes. My response is longish but it might interest some of you. I\u2019m especially interested in filling in holes and correcting some of my impressions which are based on things I have heard anecdotally. I welcome your additions and suggestions.\u00a0 \u00a0– awr<\/em><\/p>\n

Can you elaborate on what positive (or negative) role the Second Vatican Council had in the use or renewal of chant in Catholic parishes?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Great question. It is mixed.\u00a0It\u2019s important not to overstate how much Gregorian Chant was being done in parishes before Vatican II. Many, many parishes wanted High Mass (ie sung Mass) but couldn\u2019t do the propers so they sang all the proper texts to a psalm tone. (Tozer published all the propers to psalm tones.) Many a Catholic must have thought Gregorian chant is great and it has two melodies in all … the psalm tones in modes 5 and 8!<\/p>\n

Many parishes in the U.S. were singing the Ordinary, but many never did. According to Thomas Day (Why Catholics Can\u2019t Sing),<\/em> big parishes on the East Coast would have 5 Masses on Sunday. Four of these would be recited Low Mass, done in 40-45 minutes with no music. Only the last one was High Mass with chant (or polyphony), and the late morning High Mass had low attendance because it took longer.<\/p>\n

There were many monasteries before Vatican II that were real centers of Gregorian chant, every liturgy, every day. At St. John\u2019s Abbey all the priests went out to parishes on Sunday, so the young monks in seminary were the Sunday community. They generally sang the Introit and Communio, but depending on practice time they did the gradual and\/or offertory to a psalm tone. The monks sang the Ordinary of course, but the congregation apparently didn\u2019t really\u00a0 join in. Daily Mass during the week was very early in the morning, all recited with no music. Daily Vespers was sung in Gregorian chant, but all the other daily offices were chanted all on one pitch with no chant melodies.<\/p>\n

In the early 1960s (during Vatican II) St. John\u2019s moved from sung High Mass done entirely by the monks to recited \u201cdialogue Mass\u201d so the people could participate by reciting the Latin Mass parts. It earned us an editorial in a church music journal, \u201cMurder in the Abbey.\u201d I admit to some sadness that something beautiful was lost \u2013 monasteries all across the Catholic church which were islands singing the liturgy in Latin chant. I give that to God and pray for detachment.<\/p>\n

There were parish congregations in Germany or the low countries that knew up to 5 or 6 Mass Ordinaries, if you can imagine. There were many parish choirs singing the propers. And because the Sunday propers were done every day in the following week before Vatican II, I\u2019ve heard of Dutch parishes where enough choir members went to early daily Mass all week that they had daily High Mass with sung propers. Amazing.<\/p>\n

A monk in Germany, Fr. Gregor Schwake OSB, who was the apostle of congregational Latin chant, said that by the 1940s and especially the 1950s it was all in decline, compared to the 1930s. Note that this is well before Vatican II and the 1960s upheavals. People in the pews were busier, he reported, more jaded, more cynical, not as able anymore to come to the parish every night for a week-long \u201cchant mission\u201d (they really did that), and distracted by a fast-moving modern world of radio and, for many, television. In 1943 Rome ruled that in Germany and Austria they could replace some Latin propers with vernacular hymns and still consider it High Mass \u2013 bishops said that their massive efforts at promoting congregational Latin chant since 1903 was having some success, but it was too difficult for many and not working that well.<\/p>\n

Then after Vatican II it all blew up \u2013 pressures that were pent up for so long exploded with a bang. Some nonsense happened, some misunderstandings \u2013 but, and this is important, not because everything was wrong about the 1960s, not because Vatican II got hijacked by bad people, but because what they inherited from the 1950s (and the previous thousand years) was so inadequate that nobody could know immediately what to do with the challenges. What emerged was not a “responsible middle” doing (like Luther was able to do in the 16th century) some Latin chant, preservation of the best from the past, careful and gradual use of the best of vernacular music, promotion of quality new repertoire, etc. I\u2019m just old enough to remember grade school CCD Masses where we played records of our favorite songs (“All You Need Is Love”) when we planned Mass. And within about 5 minutes of Vatican II vernacular took over everything, all the time \u2013 for understandable reasons. This marginalized Latin chant.<\/p>\n

My impression is that use of Latin chant in parishes has been increasing steadily for at least 20 years now. When I chant a Latin Agnus Dei to undergrads (studying the Order of Mass), over half will say they are familiar with that.<\/p>\n

Semiology has led to increased interest and excitement since the 1980s \u2013 more in Europe than the U.S. Semiologists point out that in the Middle Ages, it was mostly only in exceptional centers (monasteries, cathedrals) where propers were sung regularly. Medieval parishes were doing who knows what \u2013 some of it probably pretty simple and rudimentary.<\/p>\n

The goal (officially) from 1903 to 1963 of getting congregations and parish choirs to sing the liturgy in Latin chant was, in many ways, a historical anomaly.\u00a0 So if there are now various islands here and there promoting chant (and doing semiological interpretation, I hope), it\u2019s not so different from the Middle Ages \u2013 although it\u2019s much smaller in proportion of course.<\/p>\n

My take-away \u2013 and this is just my opinion, and I\u2019m pretty robustly pro-Vatican II \u2013 is that there\u2019s no better time to do Latin chant in Catholic worship than now. It is appreciated, it is part of participative, vernacular worship, it enhances and enriches worship. I grant that most parishes don\u2019t do a syllable of Latin chant, and that in many or most parishes there would be strong opposition if you did some. I\u2019m not going to worry too much about that. As we get further in time from the upheavals of the 1960s, some of those old battles are happily fading into the past and it\u2019s becoming less contentious. At least that’s my impression. There are more than a few places where one can promote Latin chant in the reformed liturgy \u2013 wisely, lovingly, gently \u2013 and I\u2019m grateful for that.<\/p>\n

Fr. Anthony<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Help fill in the holes in my history and correct my anecdotal impressions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":52533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3118,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ars-celebrandi-new-ws","category-music-chant"],"yoast_head":"\nGregorian Chant in Parishes - Home<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/25\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gregorian Chant in Parishes - Home\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Help fill in the holes in my history and correct my anecdotal impressions.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2020\/06\/25\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Home\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-25T14:54:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-08T13:02:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Comeback.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"503\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"282\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Anthony Ruff, OSB\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Anthony Ruff, OSB\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/25\\\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/25\\\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Anthony Ruff, OSB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1f253be22c50796444dc3d93f75cb50a\"},\"headline\":\"Gregorian Chant in Parishes\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-25T14:54:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-08T13:02:28+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/25\\\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1153,\"commentCount\":13,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/25\\\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/Comeback.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"2_ARS CELEBRANDI\",\"Music: Chant\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/25\\\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/25\\\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/25\\\/gregorian-chant-in-parishes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Gregorian Chant in Parishes - 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