{"id":27253,"date":"2014-09-15T07:02:05","date_gmt":"2014-09-15T12:02:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/?p=27253"},"modified":"2014-09-15T10:17:26","modified_gmt":"2014-09-15T15:17:26","slug":"religious-sisters-didnt-really-do-anything-anyway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2014\/09\/15\/religious-sisters-didnt-really-do-anything-anyway\/","title":{"rendered":"Religious Sisters Didn&#8217;t Really Do Anything Anyway?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>At a conference this summer, I had the pleasure of hearing a Catholic historian, a theologian, and a sociologist discuss Margaret M. McGuinness\u2019 recent book, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/nyupress.org\/books\/book-details.aspx?bookId=1826#.VBSUDGPMX3C\">Called to Serve: A History of Nuns in America<\/a> <\/em>(NYU Press, 2013). The variety of perspectives on the panel reflects the variety of lenses with which the history of American religious women must be viewed. And, as the title of her book suggests, McGuinness offers a new and comprehensive view of the variety of leadership roles and social services which religious sisters drove and developed, from the time those first sisters began serving in what would become the United States, in 1727.<\/p>\n<p>As any good Catholic historian knows, religious sisters provide the essential (and free) structural, educational, and social services which accompanied the American Catholic\u2019s transition from the margins of immigrant, national churches, to the center of the United States, with the election of a Roman Catholic president on the eve of the Second Vatican Council. But, as any good Catholic historian knows, the ascendency (or assimilation?) of Roman Catholics into mainstream culture coincided with a precipitous decline in numbers, median age, and visibility of American Catholic sisters. Some 180,000 religious sisters were active in 1965, while less than one third of that number (about 50,000) are active today.<\/p>\n<p>The reasons for this coincidence of decline are as numerous as the reasons for the broader shift in Roman Catholic liturgical practice (e.g., Mass attendance, use of devotionals, sacramental participation in confession). As Sandra Schneiders, IHM, described during a <a href=\"http:\/\/supportcatholicsisters.files.wordpress.com\/2012\/04\/schneiders-womenspirit-_3_-rtf.pdf\">lecture<\/a> at Saint Mary\u2019s College (IN) in 2011, the declining numbers of religious women in the years following the Second Vatican Council must be read against the backdrop of a turbulent period of social upheaval and change, as well as shifting attitudes toward tolerance and acceptance across differences.<\/p>\n<p>Not all these \u201cchanges\u201d were detrimental for Catholic life (such as the increased educational and vocational opportunities afforded to young women), but some outcomes were unfortunate, including the decreasing ability of parishes to monetarily support parochial schools. Since 1965, <a href=\"http:\/\/cara.georgetown.edu\/caraservices\/requestedchurchstats.html\">CARA<\/a> statistics have recorded an average of 12,000 fewer sisters every five years. Aside from the religious sisters\u2019 own decrease in numbers, the classroom, once a crucial venue for learning the value of religious sisters\u2019 work, was no longer the purview of the orders. As sisters retired, lay, non-religious (often women) replaced them in the classroom. By 1986, the last teaching sister in my own Catholic grade school (Benedictines) in southern Indiana had retired.<\/p>\n<p>While the decreasing visibility of religious sisters results from a complex of changing social patterns, what is truly troubling is the changing of <em>memory<\/em>. At the conference which I attended this summer, one of the three panelists offered a horrifying anecdote regarding a young college student\u2019s perception of women religious in history: the collegiate, an active and interested Roman Catholic, wondered why so much fuss was attached to learning about religious women in class since, in the student\u2019s eyes, \u201cthe sisters didn\u2019t really do anything anyway.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Women religious often carefully document themselves and preserve their own powerful community histories and memories, but the blankness with which women religious have been regarded by those <em>outside <\/em>of their communities is disconcerting. I am particularly attuned to this gap in the Roman Catholic historical narrative as I currently teach undergraduate seminarians at a school founded by Franciscan sisters; it concerns me that even many of my students\u2019 twenty-first century texts in American Catholic history describe the efforts and leadership of women religious with scarce few words. If any young collegiate might bolster an awareness and appreciation of religious women, I hope it will be these young men who will one day teach their own congregations of worshippers.<\/p>\n<p>Considering religious women as central to the narrative of American Catholic histories, rather than as marginal to it, leads me to reflect on my favorite period of American liturgical history\u2014the mid-twentieth century liturgical movement. The intersection of religious women\u2019s teaching charism and their liturgical interests is a fascinating one: and one which would warrant further study. Religious sisters of a variety of teaching orders were among the most committed and interested devotees of a liturgical movement whose principal aims included the <em>education<\/em> of the lay faithful. One such venue for education was the National Liturgical Weeks, annual meetings sponsored by the Liturgical Conference. From the \u201cheyday\u201d of the liturgical movement through the years following the Second Vatican Council (1940-1968), cities throughout the United States hosted the conferences, during which advocates of the liturgical movement discussed liturgical topics\u2014ranging from the Mystical Body of Christ and social action, to the liturgical year and family life.<\/p>\n<p>As Godfrey Diekmann, OSB, once remarked, simply \u201cgobs of sisters\u201d attended these Liturgical Weeks, both as presenters and as participants. Comparing some registration statistics confirms this: in 1942, 294 sisters attended the meeting held at St. Meinrad Archabbey in Indiana (23% of total attendance); at the 1947 meeting held in Portland, OR, 556 sisters attended (27% of total attendance); and at the 1965 Baltimore meeting, 1,077 sisters attended, (40% of total attendance). Now, while 1,077 sisters at a Baltimore liturgical conference in 1965 is a woeful percentage of the total number of religious sisters in the United States at that time, the number is impressive from the side of the liturgical movement, in revealing the percentage of liturgical movement \u201cpioneers\u201d who were interested and active religious women.<\/p>\n<p>For example, one such liturgical pioneer, Sr. M. Celestine, CPPS, offered a practical presentation during the 1945 Liturgical Week held in New Orleans, describing \u201chow we can help our children in the grade school to live the liturgy.\u201d For Sr. Celestine, \u201cthe entire religious instruction plan\u201d could be based on the liturgical year: Pentecost provided the perfect context for learning about the Holy Spirit and the sacrament of Confirmation, while the weeks before Advent invited a study of the end-times and the sacrament of Extreme Unction. Likewise, the Missal provided an excellent handbook, helping children to study the Mass texts for upcoming Sundays and feasts. Teaching children to participate in the <em>Missa Recitata<\/em> (or Dialogue Mass), in which students learned responses to parts of the Mass, received a \u201cwhole-hearted response\u201d from her group of First Communicants. Music, of course, provided an \u201cessential part of the development of the child\u201d and the perfect opportunity to introduce hymns and chant. According to Sr. Celestine, \u201cchildren love this study\u201d; as one of her seventh-grade boys described: \u201cThis is the kind of religion I like. You just don\u2019t study religion but learn how to do it too.\u201d In other words, this religious sister taught <em>active, intelligent participation<\/em> in the liturgy.<\/p>\n<p>What exactly became of Sr. Celestine\u2019s liturgically-educated students in her post-war classroom is impossible to know; her seventh grader would be plenty past the proverbial threescore years and ten. In the present, amongst students of Catholic history, theology, sociology, and more, a more conscious incorporation of the leadership and witness of religious sisters is certainly warranted, so that we remember the centrality of religious sisters\u2019 work and prayer in all avenues of Catholic life.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At a conference this summer, I had the pleasure of hearing a Catholic historian, a theologian, and a sociologist discuss Margaret M. McGuinness\u2019 recent book, <i>Called to Serve: A History of Nuns in America<\/i> (NYU Press, 2013). The variety of perspectives on the panel reflects the variety of lenses with which the history of American religious women must be viewed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[11,357,619,23,233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-conferences-workshops-meetings","category-demographics-and-sociology","category-liturgical-movement","category-recently-published-books","category-religious-life"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Religious Sisters Didn&#039;t Really Do Anything Anyway? - Home<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2014\/09\/15\/religious-sisters-didnt-really-do-anything-anyway\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Religious Sisters Didn&#039;t Really Do Anything Anyway? - Home\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"At a conference this summer, I had the pleasure of hearing a Catholic historian, a theologian, and a sociologist discuss Margaret M. McGuinness\u2019 recent book, Called to Serve: A History of Nuns in America (NYU Press, 2013). The variety of perspectives on the panel reflects the variety of lenses with which the history of American religious women must be viewed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2014\/09\/15\/religious-sisters-didnt-really-do-anything-anyway\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Home\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-09-15T12:02:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2014-09-15T15:17:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pt.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"411\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"90\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Katharine E. Harmon\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Katharine E. Harmon\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2014\\\/09\\\/15\\\/religious-sisters-didnt-really-do-anything-anyway\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/praytellblog.com\\\/index.php\\\/2014\\\/09\\\/15\\\/religious-sisters-didnt-really-do-anything-anyway\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Katharine E. 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Harmon, Ph.D., is Project Director for the Obsculta Preaching Initiative at Saint John\u2019s School of Theology and Seminary in Collegeville, Minnesota. \u202fA Roman Catholic pastoral liturgist and American Catholic historian, Harmon is a graduate of the University of Notre Dame\u2019s liturgical studies program.\u202f She has contributed over a dozen articles and chapters to the fields of both liturgical studies and American Catholicism.\u202f She is the author of\u202f There Were Also Many Women There: Lay Women in the Liturgical Movement in the United States, 1926-1959\u202f(Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2013) and\u202fMary and the Liturgical Year: A Pastoral Resource\u202f (Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications, 2023). 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Harmon, Ph.D., is Project Director for the Obsculta Preaching Initiative at Saint John\u2019s School of Theology and Seminary in Collegeville, Minnesota. \u202fA Roman Catholic pastoral liturgist and American Catholic historian, Harmon is a graduate of the University of Notre Dame\u2019s liturgical studies program.\u202f She has contributed over a dozen articles and chapters to the fields of both liturgical studies and American Catholicism.\u202f She is the author of\u202f There Were Also Many Women There: Lay Women in the Liturgical Movement in the United States, 1926-1959\u202f(Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2013) and\u202fMary and the Liturgical Year: A Pastoral Resource\u202f (Chicago: Liturgy Training Publications, 2023). 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