{"id":26837,"date":"2014-08-03T12:10:39","date_gmt":"2014-08-03T17:10:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/?p=26837"},"modified":"2014-08-03T12:11:13","modified_gmt":"2014-08-03T17:11:13","slug":"liturgical-abuse-is-a-linguistic-misuse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2014\/08\/03\/liturgical-abuse-is-a-linguistic-misuse\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Liturgical abuse\u2019 is a linguistic misuse"},"content":{"rendered":"

Search Google for \u2018liturgical abuse\u2019 and you will find hundreds of blogposts, tracts and pamphlets decrying \u2018rampant liturgical abuse\u2019. The following, from Fr Zuhlsdorf\u2019s blog<\/a>, is not unusual. Another blogger reports a Mass celebrated by an elderly priest:<\/p>\n

His liturgical abuse was not accidental and merely an expression of a kind of misplaced enthusiasm, but it was, like the sexual abuse scandal in the Church, very deliberate, specific and precise.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

And Fr Z adds, in boldfaced red letters:<\/p>\n

Get that? It is, in some – many? – cases calculated. It is predatory. It preys on innocence and trust. It twists what is good and true and beautiful. It is psychologically unstable and immature. It is probably not curable. It must be extirpated.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

On this blog, Andrew Cameron-Mowat commented<\/a> on the Synod of Bishops\u2019 recent Circular Letter on the Ritual Exchange of the Gift of Peace at Mass. He said, very sensibly: \u201cI would never use the word \u2018abuse\u2019 unless it referred to some notorious act of disrepect.\u201d<\/p>\n

In a comment on the same post, Dominic McManus OP noted that \u2018abuses\u2019 is \u201ca word \u2026 freighted with lots of baggage in the contemporary mileu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Indeed it is. It is a very strong statement to put \u2018liturgical abuse\u2019 on a par with \u2018sexual abuse\u2019 or \u2018child abuse\u2019. I started to wonder whether this was not a result of another mistranslation from the Latin, rather as gestus profani<\/i> was misrendered as \u2018profane gestures\u2019 in the English translation of the Circular Letter.<\/p>\n

What follows is based mostly on reference sources (e.g. Lewis and Short<\/i>, the Oxford English Dictionary<\/i>, Whitaker, etc) and some common sense. I welcome counterexamples and corrections.<\/p>\n

Abusus<\/i> is from the verb abutor<\/i>. In classical Latin this had several possible senses. A neutral-to-positive one was \u2018using up\u2019 or \u2018spending\u2019, as when Cicero wrote sumus enim multi \u2026 parati \u2026 abuti tecum hoc otio<\/i>, \u201chere are several of us \u2026 all ready to spend our vacation with you\u201d (De Republica<\/i> 1).<\/p>\n

A more negative sense was \u2018wasting\u2019, or \u2018misuse\u2019. But it was usually applied to things like time or the attention of a court or patience, as when Cicero shouted at Catiline, Quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra, \u201chow much longer will you abuse our patience?\u201d (In Catilinam<\/i>, 1).<\/p>\n

It could also be used to refer to misuse of a word; in fact Cicero criticises an orator who \u201ccalls a mind \u2018minute\u2019 instead of \u2018little\u2019 and misuses words that are near to others in sense\u201d: ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo; et abutimur verbis propinquis<\/i> (Orator<\/i>, 27). Precisely, Mr Cicero.<\/p>\n

But abutor<\/em> and abusus<\/em>\u00a0don\u2019t seem to refer to murders, sexual abuses or other horrible crimes. An abusus<\/i> wasn\u2019t a mere peccadillo, but neither was it a vitium<\/i> (crime), a scelus<\/i> (wickedness, evil deed) or a facinus<\/i> (outrage).<\/p>\n

The English use started out closer to the Latin, but quickly developed a more negative sense. Hence Thomas Cromwell, in 1536, sounded very much like Fr Z when he called for \u201cTh extirpacion abolicion and extinguishment of suche abuses errours and enormyties.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 1843 J.S. Mill wrote of the \u201cabuse of language\u201d and in 1787 John Wesley noted that \u201cDistilled liquors have their use, but are infinitely overbalanced by the abuse of them.\u201d Examples of \u2018abuse\u2019 referring to sexual violation appear in the mid-16th century.<\/p>\n

Today, of course, \u2018abuse\u2019 typically has a deeply negative connotation: we speak of the abuse of animals, or of children, or of drugs or alcohol. In non-churchy English, an \u2018abuse\u2019 is far stronger than a Latin abusus<\/i>.<\/p>\n

As further evidence for this last claim, look at the Bishops\u2019 Circular letter itself. It uses an expression that reappears in Latin ecclesiastical documents: necesse erit \u2026 ut quidam abusus vitent, <\/i>translating this as\u00a0\u201cIt will be necessary to avoid such abuses as \u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n

A far\u00a0better translation would be \u2018misuses\u2019 or \u2018errors\u2019. In 1706 the Sacred Congregation of Rites ruled on the whether laypeople could the passion in Holy Week: tamquam abusus reprobatur<\/i>, \u201csuch erroneous practices are forbidden\u201d.<\/p>\n

Here is Redemptionis Sacramentum<\/i>, section 55:<\/p>\n

In some places there has existed an abuse by which the Priest breaks the host at the time of the consecration in the Holy Mass. This abuse is contrary to the tradition of the Church. It is reprobated and is to be corrected with haste. (Alicubi invaluit abusus, quo tempore consecrationis in sanctae Missae celebratione Sacerdos hostiam frangit. Qui abusus contra Ecclesiae traditionem fit. Reprobandus est urgentiusque corrigendus.<\/i>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

My point is simple: a speaker of contemporary English would not \u2018reprobate\u2019 first-degree murder or child abuse, or demand that it be \u2018corrected\u2019. If the liturgical errors were serious enough to be labelled \u2018abuses\u2019, they wouldn\u2019t have to be avoided, reprobated or corrected.<\/p>\n

By the way, \u2018reprobate\u2019, as a verb, shows up in several dictionaries as obsolete or archaic, and is given meanings like \u2018express or feel disapproval of\u2019: \u201cHis neighbours reprobated his method of proceeding\u201d (1787).<\/p>\n

The liturgical\u00a0\u2018abuses\u2019 are to be corrected precisely because they are errors, misuses, not gross crimes.<\/p>\n

In the context of liturgy, \u2018abuse\u2019 is a poor translation of Latin abusus<\/i>. It is a linguistic misuse<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Pondering\u00a0these translation errors leads me to state a\u00a0maxim about liturgical writing and translation. I know I have broken it myself, but am nonetheless happy to proclaim it:<\/p>\n

If someone writing about liturgy regularly slips into Latin (\u201cthe priest is alter Christus<\/i>\u201d) or Latinate words (\u201cprescind\u201d, \u201cadvert\u201d, \u201creprobate\u201d, \u201cdiriment\u201d, \u201cliceity\u201d), then beware! He or she probably hasn\u2019t taken the time to work out what the words really mean, or at least what they originally meant.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It cannot be said too often: Liturgiam Authenticam<\/i>, and the mentality that created it, have served the Church very poorly.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Especially in liturgical matters, \u2018abuse\u2019 is a literalist mistranslation of the Latin abusus<\/i>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[19,30,24],"tags":[1028,477],"class_list":["post-26837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mass","category-reform-of-the-reform","category-translation-new-missal","tag-latin","tag-translation-issues"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Liturgical abuse\u2019 is a linguistic misuse - Home<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/praytellblog.com\/index.php\/2014\/08\/03\/liturgical-abuse-is-a-linguistic-misuse\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Liturgical abuse\u2019 is a linguistic misuse - 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